Bacterial Growth Requirements Free Essays

Bacterial Growth Requirements Evelyn Lyle ITT Technical Institute Angela Ask, MPS January 15, 2012 Every organism must find in its environment all of the substances required for energy generation and cellular biosynthesis. The chemicals and elements of this environment that are utilized for bacterial growth are referred to as nutrients. Many bacteria can be identified in the environment by inspection or using genetic techniques. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacterial Growth Requirements or any similar topic only for you Order Now The nutritional requirements of a bacterium such as E Coli are revealed by the cell’s elemental composition. These elements are found in the form of water, inorganic ions, small molecules and macromolecules which serve either a structural or functional role in the cells. Bacteria thrive by four things oxygen, food (nutrients), warmth and time but two others can be moisture and acidity. Nutrients are needed for energy, nitrogen (for DNA and proteins), phosphorus (for energy), and others. Warmth is needed so the bacteria can stay warm. Oxygen is needed so the bacteria can make energy and time is needed for the bacteria to complete binary fission over and over again. Acidity is needed so the bacteria can survive in its environment. Highly base or acidic environments may harm the bacteria and hinder its lifespan. In order to survive and grow, microorganisms require a source of energy and nourishment. Bacteria are the most primitive forms of microorganisms but are composed of a great variety of simple and complex molecules and are able to carry out a wide range of chemical transformations. Depending on their requirements and the source of energy used they are classified into different nutritional groups. Most microorganisms grow well at the normal temperatures favored by man, higher plants and animals. Certain bacteria grow at temperatures (extreme heat or cold) at which few higher organisms can survive. Most bacteria grow best in an environment with a narrow pH range near neutrality between pH 6. 5 and 7. 5. Microbes contain approximately 80-90% water and I f placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration will lose water which causes shrinkage of the cell. Some bacteria have adapted so well to high salt concentrations that they actually require them for growth. Nitrogen and phosphorus are particularly critical because they often control the rates of photosynthesis. Carbon is significantly more abundant than either of them and oxygen and sulfur are more abundant that phosphorous. Nitrogen and phosphorous are less available to plants relative to their growth requirements than are other elements. Phosphorus is often in short supply and limits plant and algae growth. Nitrogen is a major constituent of all proteins and of all living organisms. A lack of nitrogen can limit growth of plants, since nearly three quarters of its atmosphere consists of natural gas, N2. REFERENCES A New Way to Look at Microorganisms. (n. d). American Scientist, 93(6), 514. How to cite Bacterial Growth Requirements, Essay examples Bacterial Growth Requirements Free Essays Bacteria Growth Requirements Microbiology Life as we now it has ended. What is left you ask? Well it is said the only thing that could survive an incident that could end our known way of life is a roach and a pack or Twinkies. In truth the great survivor would be microorganisms. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacterial Growth Requirements or any similar topic only for you Order Now Microorganisms can survive where most cannot due to their size, nutritional needs, energy requirements, and are very good at adapting to different environments (Black 2008). Microorganisms require two things to live a long healthy life, and these are physical and nutritional factors. Physical factors include pH, temperature, oxygen concentration, moisture, hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, and radiation (Black 2008). Nutritional factors include carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, trace elements, and sometimes vitamins (Black 2008). For the purpose of this exercise I will focus on E. coli. Pathogenic Escherichia coli will be discussed since it is a common, but dangerous bacterium. E. coli in humans is found in the intestines. This bacterium is very durable, meaning that it is well-adapted to its habitat. For example, it can grow with glucose being the only food source. This bacterium can also grow with or without O2. If located in anaerobic habitat it can it will use the fermentation process producing mixed acids and gases (Todar 2012). This bacterium has shown that it can also use anaerobic respiration when NO3 or NO2 is available. Chemicals, pH, temperature, are a few signals that determines how E. coli will respond (Todar 2012). When it senses a change in the environment it can swim toward or away from anything useful or harmful. Temperature can also affect E. coli. A change in temperature allows E. coli to change pore diameter of its outer membrane to accommodate certain nutrients, or to exclude something harmful. E. coli also rations its nutrient supply by taking in account how much is available in its environment. This means that it will not take in nutrients unless it has enough to feed more bacteria that will be produced (Todar 2012). As you can see, this amazing microbe has the ability to adapt to its environment and in some case overcome. Imagine the microbes that are out there that has not be identified yet. Reference Black, J. (2008). Microbiology principals and explorations. (7th Edition ed. ). Jefferson City: GGS Book Services. Todar, K. (2012). Todars online textbook of bacteriology. Retrieved from http://www. textbookofbacteriology. net/e. coli. html How to cite Bacterial Growth Requirements, Essay examples

Effect of lack of computer free essay sample

Several complaints regarding the lack of sufficient school facilities have been a great concern nowadays at Polytechnic University of the Philippines in Santa Rosa Campus. With regards to this, certain components like lack of computers, improper lighting and poor air quality affects the overall academic performance of the students. The purpose of this study is to discuss the effects of lack of computers in the laboratory of the said school which greatly affect the academic performance of the students who are using the computers. This study will provide specific suggestions on how to improve and provide sufficient school facilities which greatly aids in the academic life of the students resulting to better learning leading to a brighter future. It concludes with a recommendation that the school administration should provide larger budget for the funding of the improvement, development and establishment of the school facilities. This study aims to help in the academic performance of the students so that they will not have a hard time to adjust their self-relying on their subject. The study also aims to provide better to the people working hand in hand to achieve the greatest goal of the school which is providing the best quality of education. Statement of the Problem The study aims to know the problems of the effects of lack of computers in the laboratory of Polytechnic University of the Philippines in Santa Rosa Campus specifically, if seeks to answer the following. 1. What is the profile of the student in terms of : A. Age B. Gender C. Course 2. How the students are able to handle their time if there is lack of computers? 3. Are the students are having a hard time to adjust their time and skills because of the lack of computers in the laboratory? Importance of the Study The result of the said study is to give solutions to the following: Students Who use the computer laboratories, so that they will know how they can divide and maximize their time in other things that they will do. Future researchers The result also helps other researchers because they will have some idea about the said topic and they can use the extra knowledge and information to make their study more often. Teachers This study also helps the teachers and professors to make their work easier and to lessen their hard time in teaching. Definition of Terms Affects have an effect on; make a difference to Academic relating to education and scholarship Accomplish achieve or complete successfully Aims – to direct Assessment the action of assessing someone or something Conducted the manner in which a person behaves, especially in a particular place or situation Descriptive serving or seeking to describe Education the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university Foreign of, from, in, or characteristic of a country or language other than one’s own Inadequate lacking the quality or quantity required; insufficient for a purpose Obligated require or compel (someone) to undertake a legal or moral duty Utilized make practical and effective use of Qualitative describing the quality of something in size, appearance, value, etc. Quantitative relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality Sufficient Enough; adequate Scope and Limitations of the Study The scope of this study will only be to the selected students of PUP SRC who use the Computer Laboratory. Hypothesis In this research we expect how many factors of lacking of computers in Polytechnic University of the Philippines of Santa Rosa City, likewise, we expected to lose or otherwise we will reduce the reason enough to have some computer in our school. Alternative Hypothesis There is a significance effect of lacking of computers to the students who uses the laboratory of Polytechnic University of the Philippines of Santa Rosa City. Null Hypothesis There is no significance effect of lacking of computers to the students who uses the laboratory of Polytechnic University of the Philippines of Santa Rosa City. Chapter II Review of Related Study and Literature This Chapter includes the Foreign and Local Studies and Literature Related to the researcher topic. Foreign Literature According to the article of Joanna Goode, a professor of education studies in the University of Oregons College of Education said, have the resources, but even today it is only the technologically savvy students who seek them out. The students who really need the help get no outreach programs to help them learn about campus technology programs such as workshops, resources and free software, she said. She said also that we have to start thinking about the digital divide in much more complex ways and provide learning experiences for students to build their identities so they have a chance for being successful in college across majors, so that their destinies arent already decided based on what experiences they have in high school. Local Literature Foreign Studies In America, between the academic school years of 1991-92 and 1996-97, inventories of computers grew 186% with an additional 1. 2 million computers added in 1996-97 alone. In 1996-97 there were an estimated 6. 3 million computers in virtually 100% of the nation’s schools (Market Data Retrieval, 1997 as cited by U. S. Department of Education, 2002a). In 1998, 89% of schools had Internet connections (U. S. Department of Education, 1999 as cited by U. S. Department of Education, 2002a). However, technology alone does not make a difference; rather the key element is how it is used. The National Education Technology Plan 2004 (U. S. Department of Education, 2004), reports that today nearly every public school has access to the Internet, but the real issue lies in the lack of adequate training and lack of understanding of how computers can be used to improve learning. Local Studies Chapter 3 Research Methodology Research Design – To be able gather necessary data, the researchers utilized the descriptive method, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Respondents of the Study – The chose respondents were all the courses who use the laboratory from 1st to 5th Year College of the said school. Instrument Used – The students of PUP Santa Rosa who have been chosen in this study accomplished a survey questionnaire for us to know their sides about the said issues Data Gathering Procedure – The data for this research were collected using a survey questionnaire. The survey was created using suitable questions modified from related research and individual questions formed by the researcher. The survey was comprised of 20 questions, which were related to the participant’s perception regarding effects of lack of computers in the laboratory of PUP-SRC. After the professor validated the questionnaire these were distributed to the students with courses who use the laboratory from 1st to 5th Year College of the said school. The researchers assured confidentiality of their survey sheets since the identities are not important. The researchers also understood that people’s consciousness may also affect their effectiveness and honesty in answering the survey, and so the researchers gave people the option of being anonymous. The respondents were given time to respond and then the researchers collected the surveys after they answer it all. There were no incentives offered for participating in the research. Statistical Treatment of Data – In getting the sample size, the group used the Solven’s formula which is, n =, N stands for the whole population of the students with courses who uses the computer laboratory. While e stands for the margin of error, the researchers used 0. 01% as the margin of error. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed. Analyzes of data were guided by mean and percentage. Sloven’s formula Where: N = total population e = margin of error Solution: N = 400 1st to 5th year students with courses that uses computer laboratory. e = 0. 10% n = N/ (1+Ne) n = 80

Political Climate free essay sample

People were ginning to notice similarities between Onions policies of engagement and strategies used during the Cold War, and the aftermath of the Watergate scandal led many Americans to doubt the role of their government and Its power. In 1969, Nixon built his presidential campaign on the idea of ending the Vietnam War. Early in his administration, the president outlined a foreign policy based on a low profile and on reductions In the U. S. Role abroad. Many believe this was the reason for Onions election. Fed up with the war In Vietnam, Americans were ready to get our soldiers home.Nixon considered his engagement strategy peace with honor. Onions priority was the settlement of the Vietnam crisis while using the peace with honor code. Nixon found an ally in Henry Kissing who was the Nation Security Advisor and working together to end the crisis In Vietnam. One strategy was called Optimization, a carrot on a stick method, which would to gradually move the troops away and force the South Vietnamese to fight for themselves in order to advance peace talks in Paris. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Climate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Davidson et al. , 2002 peg 895) The truth of the matter is that Nixon continued with the Vietnam War for nearly four more years. Onions peace with honor code or policy of engagement was salary to Truman and the Cold War. Truman used the treat of nuclear arms attacks to scare the communist bloc from expanding. When the peace with honor code did not work, that is when Nixon took action on an earlier threat by using troops, force, and weapons. Onions policy of engagement also differs somewhat from the strategies used by others during the Cold War. Where containment assumed a bipolar world, Onions policy of detente saw the world as multi-polar. (Davidson et al. , 2002, p. 907) By the end of March 1973.Many Americans believed the asses were going to be that time of change. Nixon was a professional politician when elected president. Since that did not fare well, there was heightened contempt in professional politics. This created a market for outsiders and non-professionals for the Job of Presidency. Many Americans today still crave for the Eisenhower or Kennedy era, but not since then has there been that kind of support for an elected president. Only when special interests groups stay out of politics or presidents remember they are leading by example will that return. Lets all hope that day will be sooner rather then later.

Free Essays on Faust - Evil

â€Å"Evil Grows From Simple Desires† Evil is a very vague topic, it can consist of many things, a person’s action, a person’s way of thinking, an attitude, a feeling, a sense, it could be anything really. But what could cause a thing of this magnitude? Many things, one of which that has a great role in doing so is desire. Desire can grow into evil very subtly, so subtly that it can occur without the person’s knowledge. A person, who desires something, usually will try to obtain what it is that they desire. If that person is denied that thing, they may gradually look towards evil to obtain it. This is the case with many people. Mostly in people who are weak minded, or have lack of faith and will power. There are many examples of this power in today’s society, in literature new and old, and in our everyday actions. In today’s society, you hear stories in the news that might come across as evil. And some that give a strong feeling of disgust. Many of the actions that provoked those strong feelings derive from a simple desire that may have been denied from that person. For instance not long ago, a girl was kidnapped in the town of Lancaster. She was then raped, and left for dead. The person who committed this horrible crime was probably denied the experience of love, and sexual pleasure at one time, and after a while, the feelings, of rejection, and denial built up, and lead the person to evil. And because this person had a weak mind it led the person believe that what he had done wasn’t wrong, and that it was the only way he could achieve what he wanted. Another example of this evil desire, is in the country of is Israel & Palestine. Palestine, desire its land back, that had been taking away a long time ago. When they were repeatedly denied their land back, they resorted t o trying to take it back with minor threats, and attacks, when that didn’t work, they started viciously attacking to the point were ... Free Essays on Faust - Evil Free Essays on Faust - Evil â€Å"Evil Grows From Simple Desires† Evil is a very vague topic, it can consist of many things, a person’s action, a person’s way of thinking, an attitude, a feeling, a sense, it could be anything really. But what could cause a thing of this magnitude? Many things, one of which that has a great role in doing so is desire. Desire can grow into evil very subtly, so subtly that it can occur without the person’s knowledge. A person, who desires something, usually will try to obtain what it is that they desire. If that person is denied that thing, they may gradually look towards evil to obtain it. This is the case with many people. Mostly in people who are weak minded, or have lack of faith and will power. There are many examples of this power in today’s society, in literature new and old, and in our everyday actions. In today’s society, you hear stories in the news that might come across as evil. And some that give a strong feeling of disgust. Many of the actions that provoked those strong feelings derive from a simple desire that may have been denied from that person. For instance not long ago, a girl was kidnapped in the town of Lancaster. She was then raped, and left for dead. The person who committed this horrible crime was probably denied the experience of love, and sexual pleasure at one time, and after a while, the feelings, of rejection, and denial built up, and lead the person to evil. And because this person had a weak mind it led the person believe that what he had done wasn’t wrong, and that it was the only way he could achieve what he wanted. Another example of this evil desire, is in the country of is Israel & Palestine. Palestine, desire its land back, that had been taking away a long time ago. When they were repeatedly denied their land back, they resorted t o trying to take it back with minor threats, and attacks, when that didn’t work, they started viciously attacking to the point were ...

Words Ending in -gue

Words Ending in -gue Words Ending in -gue Words Ending in -gue By Maeve Maddox An email in which the word colleague was spelled colleag got me thinking about English words that end with a hard g sound spelled -gue. Since only a few such words are in common use, learning to spell them shouldnt be too difficult. WARNING: These words start to look strange when you look at them in a group. Twenty-six common English words end with the spelling -gue. Variant spellings drop the -ue. The following -gue words have no acceptable variant spellings, not even in Merriam-Webster: brogue colleague fatigue fugue harangue ideologue intrigue league meringue morgue plague rogue tongue vague vogue For each of the following -gue words, Merriam-Webster recognizes variant spellings without the -ue: analogue catalogue travelogue decalogue demagogue epilogue monologue †¨ pedagogue †¨ prologue The OED, on the other hand, does not dignify decalog, demagog, travelog, epilog, or monolog with entries. It acknowledges the existence of pedagog, catalog, and synagog. Pedagog and catalog are listed among obsolete spellings. Travelogue has an entry at which it is identified as originally U.S, but no variant spelling is given. Synagog is shown at synagogue and labelled U.S. The OED does have an entry for prolog, but it has nothing to do with the word prologue: prolog: (The name of) a high-level logic programming language derived from Lisp, originally designed for natural language processing but now used in many artificial intelligence programs. I can write analog, catalog, and travelog without a shudder. I cannot bring myself to write epilog, decalog, or synagog. †¨ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsThe Parts of a WordWhen to use "an"

Early college high school for African American males Dissertation

Early college high school for African American males - Dissertation Example In 1954 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that public schools that segregated Whites from Blacks were unconstitutional, and that schools that included different races helped to promote educational equality. Kozol (1991), however, found that even forty years later, racial segregation continued largely unchanged in various urban schools acrosst the country. The nation’s largest school districts remained 95-99% non-White, and Black students in poor families still recorded significantly lower scores on tests of academic performance than Whites in middle and high-income families (Knaus, 2007). Thus, despite the Supreme Court’s ruling and the federal government’s assistance of hundreds of millions of dollars to improve academic performance among Black students in public schools, school achievement remained unchanged (Noguera, 2008). Thus, achievement was unaffected by programs funded by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), Title 1 programs of the United States Department of Education, Head Start, Success for All, and Accelerated Schools. African Americans’s schools were often inadequate as compared to schools for exclusively White students (Knaus, 2007). Researchers (Bell, 2009; Ladson-Billings, 2004) who have studied and made recommendations about education among African Americans and school segregation have also described how segregated schools continue to lack academically rigorous curricula to promote cognitive growth and development that Black students require to succeed in school. Other researchers have presented the difficulties Black students have faced when transitioning from segregated public schools into an integrated environment and the subsequent performance gap that has existed since the mid-1900s (Valien, Taeuber, Glick et al., 1970). There is an increasing gender difference in graduation rates across the United States. â€Å"The difference exists across racial subgroups and is widest between African American girls and boys† (Chadwell, 2009, p.9). In the entire United States, as compared to any other group in American society, Black males are the most likely to be punished, most frequently through some form of exclusion, are labeled, categorized for special education even when there is absence of disability, and are the most liable to experience academic failure. Gender Differences in the Ways Males and Females Learn According to physician and psychologist, Leonard Sax (2007), the gender issue is relevant to classroom learning in several ways. In the United States there is increasing prevalence of boys expressing their disdain for school â€Å"saying that school is stupid and they do not like to read† (Sax, 2007, p.40). This approach is found to cut across all demographic groups, affecting both affluent white boys in the suburbs and black boys in low-income neighborhoods. Sax

Leases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leases - Essay Example A notice to the other party of the death or incapacity of the other party should terminate the contract. If the lessee dies while in a rolling tenancy and it is [tenancy]. Set for a period of six months or more [fixed term]. In addition, is still valid, the goods will be passed on to the person named in the will. If the tenancy was periodic, the goods will pass on to the husband or wife. However, if the people left in the property have zero right to take the goods, the property owner can recover the property. The property owner has the right to withhold the goods if the tenancy was short hold. The property owner may do this only at last period lease and give a two months notice. So if the tenancy was joint [more than two tenants]. They can claim the goods back. After the end of the lease, the tenants should take all assets to avoid any further rent liability upon the death of the lessee. The lessor’s family may sue family members who try to avail themselves free rent. These obligations may come up even if the original lease agreement is void due to